Microscale simulations of Venus' convective adjustment and mixing near the surface: Thermal and material transport processes

► The present work shows significances of microscale dynamics in Venus atmospheric modeling. ► Venus' near-surface thermal structure is controlled by convective adjustment and mixing. ► The convective adjustment and mixing produce large eddy diffusion coefficients in PBL. ► The mixed layer may fully develop if surface heat flux is high around volcanic hotspots.