Growth and type-I noncritical phase-matching second-harmonic-generation of Gd1−xRxCa4O(BO3)3 (R3+Sc3+ or Lu3+) crystals

Single crystals of Gd1−xRxCa4O(BO3)3 (R3+Sc3+ or Lu3+) with large size and good quality have been grown by Czochralski method. The chemical compositions of the grown crystals were determined and X-ray diffraction measurements have been carried out to characterize the structural changes with compositional parameter x. The solubility limits of R3+ ions in the Gd4Ca4O(BO3)3 crystals were also determined. Type-I noncritical phase-matching wavelengths for second-harmonic generation in Gd1−xRxCa4O(BO3)3-grown crystals were measured and compared with theoretical predictions.