Lithium storage performance and interfacial processes of three dimensional porous Sn–Co alloy electrodes for lithium-ion batteries

Three-dimensional porous Cu film is prepared for the first time by electroless plating. Sn–Co alloy is electrodeposited on the porous Cu film to fabricate porous Sn–Co alloy electrode. SEM images evidence that porous Sn–Co alloy electrode presents a three-dimensional porous structure. XRD results show that the Sn–Co alloy electrode comprises pure Sn and CoSn2 phases. Electrochemical discharge/charge results show that the three-dimensional porous Sn–Co alloy electrode exhibits much better cycleability than planar Sn–Co alloy electrode, with first discharge capacity and charge capacity of 636.3 and 528.7 mAh g−1, respectively. After 70th cycling, capacity retention is 83.1% with 529.5 mAh g−1. The lithiation and delithiation processes during first discharge and charge were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). EIS results together with differential capacity curves describe the process of SEI formation, charge transfer and phase transformation in the alloy electrode in the first discharge, and phase transformation during charge at delithiation potential.

► An electroless plating method is applied for the first time to prepare three-dimensional (3D) porous copper film with pore size ranging from several hundred nanometers to several micrometers, and good adhesion to the substrate.
► The porous copper film is directly used as current collector of Sn–Co alloy anode for lithium ion batteries.
► Electrochemical discharge/charge results show that the three-dimensional porous Sn–Co alloy electrode exhibits much better cycleability than planar Sn–Co alloy electrode.