Non-isothermal effects of single or double serpentine proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Mathematical models on transport processes and reactions in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell generally assume an isothermal cell behavior for sake of simplicity. This work aims at exploring how a non-isothermal cell body affects the performance of PEM fuel cells with single and double serpentine cathode flow fields, considering the effects of flow channel cross-sectional areas. Low thermal conductivities of porous layers in the cell and low heat transfer coefficients at the surface of current collectors, as commonly adopted in cell design, increase the cell temperature. High cell temperature evaporates fast the liquid water, hence reducing the cathode flooding; however, the yielded low membrane water content reduces proton transport rate, thereby increasing ohmic resistance of membrane. An optimal cell temperature is presented to maximize the cell performance.