Evidence that the inhibitory effects of guanidinoacetate on the activities of the respiratory chain, Na+,K+-ATPase and creatine kinase can be differentially prevented by taurine and vitamins E and C administration in rat striatum in vivo

Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiency is an inherited neurometabolic disorder biochemically characterized by tissue accumulation of guanidinoacetate (GAA) and depletion of creatine. Affected patients present epilepsy and mental retardation whose etiopathogeny is unclear. In a previous study we showed that instrastriatal administration of GAA caused a reduction of Na+,K+-ATPase and creatine kinase (CK) activities, as well as an increase in TBARS (an index of lipid peroxidation). In the present study we investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of GAA on glucose uptake from [U-14C] acetate (citric acid cycle activity) and on the activities of complexes II, II–III, III and IV of the respiratory chain in striatum of rats. Results showed that 50 and 100 μM GAA (in vitro studies) and GAA administration (in vivo studies) significantly inhibited complexes II and II–III, respectively, but did not alter complexes III and IV, as well as CO2 production. We also studied the influence of taurine or vitamins E and C on the inhibitory effects caused by intrastriatal administration of GAA on complexes II and II–III, Na+,K+-ATPase and CK activities, and on TBARS in rat striatum. Pre-treatment with taurine and vitamins E and C revealed that taurine prevents the effects of intrastriatal administration of GAA on the inhibition of complex II, complex II–III, and Na+,K+-ATPase activities. Vitamins E and C prevent the effects of intrastriatal administration of GAA on the inhibition of CK and Na+,K+-ATPase activities, and on the increase of TBARS. The data suggest that GAA in vivo and in vitro treatment disturbs important parameters of striatum energy metabolism and that oxidative damage may be mediating these effects. It is presumed that defects in striatum bioenergetics might be involved in the pathophysiology of striatum damage characteristic of patients with GAMT-deficiency.