Caloric restriction improves efficiency and capacity of the mitochondrial electron transport chain in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Caloric restriction (CR) is known to extend lifespan in a variety of species; however, the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found that CR potentiated the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) at both the transcriptional and translational levels. Indeed, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was increased by CR, and, regardless of ages, overall reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was decreased by CR. With these changes, overall growth rate of cells was maintained under various CR conditions, just like cells under a non-restricted condition. All of these data support increased efficiency and capacity of the ETC by CR, and this change might lead to extension of lifespan.

► Calorie restriction (CR) increases electron transport chain (ETC) at both RNA and protein level.
► CR enhances mitochondrial membrane potential, and, regardless of ages, reduces reactive oxygen species.
► CR increases both efficiency and capacity of the ETC.
► CR induces intensive modulation at mitochondrial ETC where might be a major site leading to extension of lifespan.