CYP2E1 enhances ethanol-induced lipid accumulation but impairs autophaghy in HepG2 E47 cells

The regulation and function of autophagy and lipid metabolism have recently been reported to be reciprocally related. Macroautophagy mediates the breakdown of lipids stored in lipid droplets. An inhibition of autophagy leads to the development of a fatty liver. We evaluated the ability of CYP2E1 to modulate the effects of ethanol on lipid accumulation and autophagy in vitro. The E47 HepG2 cell which expresses CYP2E1 was treated with ethanol at 50, 100 and 150 mM for 4 or 5 days. Ethanol-induced lipid accumulation and an increase of triglycerides (TG) in E47 cells to a greater extent than in control C34 cells which do not express CYP2E1. In contrast, autophagy (LC3 II/LC3 I ratio) was significantly induced by ethanol in C34 cells to a greater extent than in E47 cells. P62 was significantly increased in E47 cells after ethanol treatment. Thus, there is a reciprocal relationship between the effects of ethanol on lipid accumulation and autophagy in the CYP2E1-expressing cells. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3MA), increased lipid accumulation and TG levels in C34 cells which display elevated autophagy, but enhanced lipid accumulation and TG level to a lesser extent in E47 cells which displayed lower autophagy. Ethanol induced CYP2E1 activity and oxidative stress in E47 cells compared with C34 cells. These experiments suggest that the expression of CYP2E1 may impair autophagy formation which contributes to lipid accumulation in the liver. We hypothesize that CYP2E1-induced oxidative stress promotes the accumulation of lipid droplets by ethanol and this may be responsible for the suppression of autophagy in the liver.

Research highlights
► Ethanol induces the accumulation of lipid droplets in HepG2 E47 cells which express CYP2E1 to a greater extent than in control C34 cells which do not express CYP2E1.
► Ethanol induces autophagy in C34 cells to a greater extent than in E47 cells.
► There is a reciprocal relationship between ethanol promotion of fat accumulation and induction of autophagy.
► The expression of CYP2E1 promotes ROS stress and the formation of lipid droplets which may suppress cellular autophagy.
► The inhibition of autophagy increases the accumulation of lipid droplets in C34 and E47 cells.