Genetic tracing of the neural pathway for bitter taste in t2r5-WGA transgenic mice

To visualize the neural pathways originating from bitter taste receptor cells (TRCs), we generated transgenic mice expressing the transneuronal tracer wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) under the control of the mouse T2R5 gene promoter/enhancer (t2r5-WGA mice). WGA mRNA was specifically expressed in bitter TRCs. The WGA protein was detected in bitter TRCs and nerve processes in taste buds, but not in sweet, umami, or sour TRCs. The WGA protein was transferred to a subset of sensory neurons in the geniculate and nodose/petrosal ganglia. These results suggest that bitter TRCs, which are devoid of synaptic structures, are innervated by gustatory neurons and that bitter sensory information is directly transmitted to specific gustatory neurons. The t2r5-WGA mice provide a useful tool for identifying gustatory relay neurons in the peripheral sensory ganglia responsible for aversive sensations.

Research highlights
► We established a transgenic mouse line to genetically trace the neural pathway for bitter taste sensation.
► Bitter taste receptor cells devoid of synaptic structures are innervated by gustatory neurons.
► Bitter information is directly transmitted to gustatory neurons.
► P2X2-positive neurons transmit information about bitter taste sensations to the brainstem.