The SH3 domain, but not the catalytic domain, is required for phospholipase C-γ1 to mediate epidermal growth factor-induced mitogenesis

Phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1) is a multiple-domain protein and plays an important role in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced cell mitogenesis, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. We have previously demonstrated that PLC-γ1 is required for EGF-induced mitogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells, but the mitogenic function of PLC-γ1 is independent of its lipase activity. Earlier studies suggest that the Src homology 3 (SH3) domain of PLC-γ1 possesses mitogenic activity. In the present study, we sought to determine the role of the SH3 domain of PLC-γ1 in EGF-induced SCC cell mitogenesis. We examined the effect of overexpression of PLC-γ1, a catalytically active PLC-γ1 mutant lacking the SH3 domain or a catalytically inactive PLC-γ1 mutant lacking the X domain on EGF-induced SCC4 (tongue squamous cell carcinoma) cell mitogenesis. We found that overexpression of PLC-γ1 enhanced EGF-induced SCC4 cell mitogenesis. This enhancement was abolished by deletion of the SH3 domain but not by deletion of the X catalytic domain. These data suggest that the SH3 domain, but not the catalytic domain, is required for PLC-γ1 to mediate EGF-induced SCC4 cell mitogenesis.

Research highlights
► Overexpression of phospholipase C-γ1 enhances epidermal growth factor-induced squamous cell carcinoma cell mitogenesis.
► The Src homology 3 domain of phospholipase C-γ1 is required for epidermal growth factor-induced squamous cell carcinoma cell mitogenesis.
► The catalytic domain of phospholipase C-γ1 is dispensable for epidermal growth factor-induced squamous cell carcinoma cell mitogenesis.