MMP-mediated cleavage of β-dystroglycan in myelin sheath is involved in autoimmune neuritis

α-/β-Dystroglycans (DG) located at the outmost layer of myelin sheath play a critical role in its formation and stability in the peripheral nerve system. The demyelination of nerve fibers is present in autoimmune neuritis, however, it is not known about the molecular mechanisms underlying this pathological process. In an animal model of experimental autoimmune neuritis, we observed that β-DG cleavage was associated with the demyelination of peripheral nerves. The neuritis and β-DG cleavage were accompanied by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/-9 over-expressions and attenuated by captopril, a MMP inhibitor. The blockade of MMPs also improves clinical signs. Our results reveal a crucial role of MMP-mediated β-DG cleavage in autoimmune neuritis, such as Guillain–Barre’ syndrome, and bring insights into therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases.