Ethanol electrooxidation on novel carbon supported Pt/SnOx/C catalysts with varied Pt:Sn ratio

Novel carbon supported Pt/SnOx/C catalysts with Pt:Sn atomic ratios of 5:5, 6:4, 7:3 and 8:2 were prepared by a modified polyol method and characterized with respect to their structural properties (X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)), chemical composition (XPS), their electrochemical properties (base voltammetry, COad stripping) and their electrocatalytic activity and selectivity for ethanol oxidation (ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR)). The data show that the Pt/SnOx/C catalysts are composed of Pt and tin oxide nanoparticles with an average Pt particle diameter of about 2 nm. The steady-state activity of the Pt/SnOx/C catalysts towards the EOR decreases with tin content at room temperature, but increases at 80 °C. On all Pt/SnOx/C catalysts, acetic acid and acetaldehyde represent dominant products, CO2 formation contributes 1–3% for both potentiostatic and potentiodynamic reaction conditions. With increasing potential, the acetaldehyde yield decreases and the acetic acid yield increases. The apparent activation energies of the EOR increase with tin content (19–29 kJ mol−1), but are lower than on Pt/C (32 kJ mol−1). The somewhat better performance of the Pt/SnOx/C catalysts compared to alloyed PtSnx/C catalysts is attributed to the presence of both sufficiently large Pt ensembles for ethanol dehydrogenation and C–C bond splitting and of tin oxide for OH generation. Fuel cell measurements performed for comparison largely confirm the results obtained in model studies.