Lysophosphatidic acid induces Ca2+ mobilization and c-Myc expression in mouse embryonic stem cells via the phospholipase C pathway

Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are pluripotent and could be maintained in vitro in a self-renewing state indefinitely, at the same time preserving their potential to differentiate towards more specific lineages. Despite the progress in the field, the complex network of signalling cascades involved in the maintenance of the self-renewing and pluripotent state remains not fully understood. In the present study, we have investigated the role of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a potent mitogen present in serum, in Ca2+ signalling and early gene activation in mouse ESC (mESC). In these cells, we detected the expression of the G-protein coupled LPA receptor subtypes LPA1, LPA2 and LPA3. Using fluorescence Ca2+ imaging techniques, we showed that LPA induced an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. This increase was also observed in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, suggesting the involvement of internal stores. Pre-treatment with BAPTA-AM, thapsigargin or U-73122 efficiently blocked this Ca2+ release, indicating that LPA was evoking Ca2+ mobilization from the endoplasmic reticulum via the phospholipase C (PLC) pathway. Interestingly, this signalling cascade initiated by LPA was involved in inducing the expression of the Ca2+-dependent early response gene c-myc, a key gene implicated in ESC self-renewal and pluripotency. Additionally, LPA increased the proliferation rate of mESC. Our findings therefore outline the physiological role of LPA in mESC.