RACK1 associates with NHE5 in focal adhesions and positively regulates the transporter activity

Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 5 (NHE5) is a brain-enriched NHE that may play important roles in ion homeostasis and cell-volume regulation. However, the regulation mechanism of NHE5 has not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that Receptor for Activated C-kinase 1 (RACK1) directly binds to NHE5 and positively regulates the transporter function. NHE5 co-localized with RACK1 as well as β1 integrin, paxillin and vinculin, suggesting that NHE5 associates with focal adhesions. By using RACK1 dominant-negative mutants and siRNA, we further show that RACK1 regulates NHE5 both directly and through an integrin-dependent pathway. The NHE5–RACK1 interaction, but not the RACK1–β1 integrin interaction, was reinforced when cells were spread on an integrin–substrate fibronectin. We propose that RACK1 activates NHE5 both by integrin-dependent and independent pathways, which may coordinate cellular ion homeostasis during cell–matrix adhesion.