Resolvin D1 and its GPCRs in resolution circuits of inflammation

Endogenous mechanisms that turn off excessive inflammation and prompt its timely resolution are of considerable interest since unresolved inflammation is associated with several widely recurrent diseases. In recent years, previously unrecognized chemical mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids were identified that control the acute inflammatory response by activating local resolution programs. Resolvin (Rv) D1 is an endogenous chemical mediator biosynthesized from the ω-3 docosahexaenoic acid that exerts potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving activities in a stereospecific manner by acting on pro-resolving G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Here, I overviewed the biosynthesis and mechanisms of action of RvD1 focusing on the recently reported miRNAs that underscore its bioactions.The elucidation of RvD1-activated mechanisms operating in vivo to keep acute inflammation under physiologic boundaries and stimulate resolution opened many new opportunities in resolution pharmacology to target inflammation-related human pathologies.

► Lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins are endogenous immunoresolvents.
► Each mediator has unique structure and stereochemistry essential for its activity.
► Lipoxins and resolvins are safe and efficacious in treating human diseases.
► Resolvin D1 binds ALX/FPR2 and GPR32 on target cells.
► Resolvin D1 regulates miRNAs to control inflammation and promote resolution.