Purification and characterisation of recombinant human eukaryotic elongation factor 1 gamma

• Full-length, NT and CT domains of heEF1γ expressed as soluble proteins in E. coli.
• Approximately 99% purity was obtained.
• The full-length and NT-domain are dimers, while the CT-domain is a monomer.
• The full-length and NT-domain interact with GSH and the anionic dye, ANS.
• The NT-domain shows low GSH-CDNB conjugation activity.

The eukaryotic elongation factor 1 gamma (eEF1γ) is a multi-domain protein, which consist of a glutathione transferase (GST)-like N-terminus domain. In association with α, β and δ subunits, eEF1γ forms part of the eukaryotic elongation factor complex, which is mainly involved in protein biosynthesis. The N-terminus GST domain of eEF1γ interacts with the β subunit. eEF1γ subunit is over-expressed in human carcinoma. The role of human eEF1γ (heEF1γ) is poorly understood. A successful purification of recombinant heEF1γ is the first step towards determining unknown properties of the protein, including putative GST-like activities and the structure of the protein. This paper describes the over-expression, purification and characterisation of recombinant full-length, and the N- and C-terminus domains of heEF1γ. All three recombinant heEF1γ constructs over-expressed in the soluble Escherichia coli cell fraction and were purified to homogeneity. Secondary structure analysis indicates that the heEF1γ constructs have high α-helical structural character. The full-length and N-terminus domain are dimeric, while the C-terminus is monomeric. Both full-length and N-terminus domain interact with 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) with KD = 70.0 (±5.7) μM and with reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione sulfonate displaced ANS bound to hydrophobic binding sites in the recombinant N-terminus domain. Using the standard GSH-1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene conjugation assay, the N-domain showed some enzyme activity (0.03 μmol min−1 mg−1 protein), while the full-length heEF1γ did not catalyse the GSH-CDNB conjugation. Consequently, we hypothesize the presence of a presumed GST-like active site structure in the heEF1γ, which comprises a glutathione binding site and a hydrophobic substrate binding site.