Measurement and correlation of the (p, ρ, T) relation of liquid cyclohexane, toluene, and ethanol in the temperature range from 233.15 K to 473.15 K at pressures up to 30 MPa for use as density reference liquids

Comprehensive (p, ρ, T) measurements on cyclohexane, toluene, and ethanol were carried out in the homogeneous liquid phase for temperatures from 233.15 K to 473.15 K at pressures up to 30 MPa. The measurements were performed by using an accurate single-sinker densimeter based on the Archimedes’ buoyancy principle. The total uncertainty of the measurements in density was estimated to be 0.015% (level of confidence 95%). Based on the experimental results, accurate correlation equations for the density of the three liquids have been established; their uncertainty is 0.020%. Comparisons with previous results of other experimentalists and with values calculated from current equations of state are presented. In this context it is also shown that the density of a liquid can vary slightly depending on the batch of the liquid used for the measurements. The purpose of this work was to provide accurate correlation equations for the densities of the three selected liquids so that these liquids can be used as density reference liquids for the calibration of densimeters and, in particular, for the calibration of vibrating-tube densimeters.