Lactococcus lactis-based vaccines from laboratory bench to human use: An overview

Developing effective vaccines is an important weapon in the battle against potential pathogens and their evolving antibiotic resistance trends. Several vaccine delivery vectors have been investigated among which the generally regarded as safe (GRAS) Lactococcus lactis has a distinguished position. In this review, different factors affecting the efficacy of L. lactis-based vaccines are discussed. In addition, the issues of biological containment and pharmaceutical quality assurance of L. lactis vaccines are highlighted. These issues are critical for the success of medical translation of L. lactis-based vaccines from research laboratories to clinical use by ensuring consistent manufacturing of safe and efficacious vaccines.

► L. lactis was examined intensively in the literature as a safe vaccine vector.
► L. lactis-based vaccines can be divided into live, killed and GEM system.
► Overlapping factors affect the immune outcome of L. lactis vaccines.
► Bio-containment of genetically modified L. lactis is a prerequisite for licensure.
► Compliance with “Quality Assurance” is a must for Medical translation of vaccines.