Administration of dendritic cells dual expressing DcR3 and GAD65 mediates the suppression of T cells and induces long-term acceptance of pancreatic-islet transplantation

Pancreatic-islet transplantation is currently regarded as the only approach to cure type 1 diabetic patients (T1D). However, recurrent autoimmunity is a critical factor contributing to graft rejection along with alloreactivity. Recently, the glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) was identified as the one of the major pancreatic antigens targeted by self-reactive T cells in T1D. Therefore, the T cells specific for GAD65 may be the important therapeutical target of T1D. In this study, dendritic cells (DCs) were transfected with the recombinant adenovirus, dual expressing DcR3 and GAD65 in vitro, and NOD mice were adminstrated with the genetically modified DCs in vivo after islet transplantation. The results demonstrated that the genetically modified DCs significantly supressed the T cell response to GAD65, delayed onset of diabetes, improved the success and survival of islet transplantation. The findings suggest that the adoptive transfer of genetically modified DCs dual expressing DcR3 and GAD65 represent a future therapeutic potential in T1D and pancreatic-islet transplantation.