Primary and memory T cell responses induced by hepatitis C virus multiepitope long peptides

To develop a vaccine against hepatitis C virus, we synthesized four long peptides from nonstructural proteins NS3, NS4 and NS5B containing HLA-class I and class II epitopes mainly inducing responses in natural infection. In HLA-A2.1 transgenic mice, the four peptides primed higher CTL responses to 6:7 minimal HLA-A2 epitopes than those induced by the minimal epitopes. HLA-A2.1/HLA-DR1 transgenic mice immunized with one peptide, containing a class II epitope implicated in viral resolution, developed IFNγ-producing CD4+-T and CD8+-T cells. These peptides recalled HCV-specific IFNγ-producing cells from HCV-infected patients’ PBMC. This support the selection of these domains for inclusion in a vaccine formulation.