Recombinant Salmonella vaccines for biodefence

There is a requirement for vaccines to protect against pathogens that may be misused for bioterrorism or biowarfare purposes. In particular, biodefence vaccines are required that may be used for safe and easy immunisation of populations and that can rapidly induce mucosal immunity to provide protection at the lung surface against a range of airborne agents. To address this need, recombinant Salmonella vaccines are being developed. In this review, the technologies used, considerations needed, progress made, and future prospects for developing multivalent Salmonella-based vaccines for biodefence are discussed.