کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
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2414604 | 1552104 | 2012 | 9 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
Agroforestry represents an opportunity to reduce CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere by increasing carbon (C) stocks in agricultural lands. Agroforestry practices may also promote mineral N fertilization and the use of N2-fixing legumes that favor the emission of non-CO2 greenhouse gases (GHG) (N2O and CH4). The present study evaluates the net GHG balance in two adjacent coffee plantations, both highly fertilized (250 kg N ha−1 year−1): a monoculture (CM) and a culture shaded by the N2-fixing legume tree species Inga densiflora (CIn). C stocks, soil N2O emissions and CH4 uptakes were measured during the first cycle of both plantations. During a 3-year period (6–9 years after the establishment of the systems), soil C in the upper 10 cm remained constant in the CIn plantation (+0.09 ± 0.58 Mg C ha−1 year−1) and decreased slightly but not significantly in the CM plantation (−0.43 ± 0.53 Mg C ha−1 year−1). Aboveground carbon stocks in the coffee monoculture and the agroforestry system amounted to 9.8 ± 0.4 and 25.2 ± 0.6 Mg C ha−1, respectively, at 7 years after establishment. C storage rate in the phytomass was more than twice as large in the CIn compared to the CM system (4.6 ± 0.1 and 2.0 ± 0.1 Mg C ha−1 year−1, respectively). Annual soil N2O emissions were 1.3 times larger in the CIn than in the CM plantation (5.8 ± 0.5 and 4.3 ± 0.3 kg N-N2O ha−1 year−1, respectively). The net GHG balance at the soil scale calculated from the changes in soil C stocks and N2O emissions, expressed in CO2 equivalent, was negative in both coffee plantations indicating that the soil was a net source of GHG. Nevertheless this balance was in favor of the agroforestry system. The net GHG balance at the plantation scale, which includes additionally C storage in the phytomass, was positive and about 4 times larger in the CIn (14.59 ± 2.20 Mg CO2 eq ha−1 year−1) than in the CM plantation (3.83 ± 1.98 Mg CO2 eq ha−1 year−1). Thus converting the coffee monoculture to the coffee agroforestry plantation shaded by the N2-fixing tree species I. densiflora would increase net atmospheric GHG removals by 10.76 ± 2.96 Mg CO2 eq ha−1 year−1 during the first cycle of 8–9 years.
► The net atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) removal from converting a coffee monoculture to a coffee agroforestry plantation shaded by the N2-fixing species Inga densiflora was estimated at 10.76 Mg CO2 eq ha−1 y−1 during the first rotation cycle of 8-9 years.
► N2O emissions resulting mainly from N input largely counterbalanced the potential positive effect of shade trees on C sequestration in soil. The soil negative net GHG balance, indicating a source of GHG to the atmosphere, was yet smaller in the agroforestry system than in the monoculture despite larger soil N2O emissions. C sequestration in the shade tree biomass amply compensated the soil negative balance in the agroforestry system.
► The net balance of GHG at the soil scale which included N2O emissions and changes in soil carbon stock represented a substantial portion of the C sequestration in the phytomass and should therefore be accounted in fertilized coffee plantations.
Journal: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment - Volume 148, 15 February 2012, Pages 102–110