Spoligotype diversity of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae animal isolates

The genetic diversity of 283 Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) and 10 Mycobacterium caprae (M. caprae) strains, isolated between 2002 and 2007 from cattle, goat, red deer and wild boar from six different geographical regions of Portugal was investigated by spoligotyping. The technique showed a good discriminatory power (Hunter–Gaston Index, h = 0.9) for the strains, revealing 29 different patterns. One pattern (SB0121) was clearly predominant, accounting for 26.3% of the isolates; ten patterns, representing 20.7% of the isolates, had never been reported previously. Multiple spoligotypes were detected in thirteen cattle and one goat herd, most of which were found in beef cattle and extensive management regions, suggesting different infection sources. With the exception of two spoligotypes, those in wildlife species were also found in domestic species.