Characterization of Th1 activation by Bartonella henselae stimulation in BALB/c mice: Inhibitory activities of interleukin-10 for the production of interferon-γ in spleen cells

This study was conducted to analyze cytokine production mechanisms in mice after Bartonella henselae stimulation. BALB/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 3 × 106 colony forming units of B. henselae (Houston-1 strain) twice at 10-day interval. Spleen cells were harvested from the mice and stimulated with the organisms. Following the stimulation, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured in the culture supernatants of the spleen cells by ELISA. The spleen cells specifically secreted IFN-γ, but not IL-4, indicating that T helper 1 (Th1) cells were activated following B. henselae stimulation. In addition, IL-10 and TNF-α productions were also detected in the culture supernatants of spleen cells. Neutralization of IL-10 in the culture supernatants significantly enhanced the production of IFN-γ from the spleen cells stimulated with B. henselae. These results indicate that B. henselae predominantly stimulated Th1 cells and resulted in secreting IFN-γ, however the production was partially inhibited by IL-10, which was produced simultaneously.