Drug release from hydroethanolic gels. Effect of drug's lipophilicity (log P), polymer–drug interactions and solvent lipophilicity

We demonstrate drug release properties from hydroethanolic formulations as a function of the drug's lipophilicity (log P), solvent lipophilicity and drug–polymer interactions, for the first time.A hydrophilic polymer, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), provides the non-Fickian slower release of the lipophilic drug, lidocaine (log P = 2.6) and the burst (Fickian) release of hydrophilic drug, lidocaine hydrochloride (log P ≤ 0). Thus, log P of drugs helps predict the drug release properties.Hydrophobic Eudragit polymers provided the burst release of lidocaine. However, the cationic hydrophobic polymer (Eudragit E100) retained more lidocaine (∼50%) topically than other hydrophobic polymers: Eudragit S100 (anionic) and Eudragit RLPO (cationic copolymer with quaternary ammonium group) (∼25% lidocaine retention) which release lidocaine systematically. Thus, minute changes in functional groups of hydrophobic polymers help tune the lidocaine release topically or systemically.An interaction between HPC and lidocaine as determined by FTIR helps the non-Fickian slower lidocaine release from HPC formulations. However, no interactions between lidocaine and hydrophobic Eudragit polymers explain the Fickian burst release of lidocaine from their formulations.A lipophilic solvent, isostearyl alcohol which when replacing ethanol by 30%, slows the release rate and enhances the topical adsorption of lidocaine. Thus, solvent lipophilicity also modulates drug release properties.