A comprehensive review on vernal keratoconjunctivitis with emphasis on proteomics

Allergic conjunctivitis presents as a spectrum of different clinical entities, such as perennial allergic conjunctivitis, seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis and vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a disorder that is often associated with allergens and is seen during the spring season. Herein, we focused on vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and reviewed its epidemiology, clinical presentations, ocular associations, available treatment options, and the progressive understanding of its histopathological features; we have also systematically elaborated on the various studies on proteomics. Initial theories of a solely IgE-mediated mechanism have been replaced by those considering IgE and non-IgE mechanisms. Developments in basic and clinical research will open novel diagnostic approaches for the early detection and cure of the disease.

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