Sulodexide improves renal function through reduction of vascular endothelial growth factor in type 2 diabetic rats

Sulodexide directly suppresses VEGF synthesis through the p38 MAPK pathway in podocytes, and these results suggest that sulodexide may provide renoprotection via suppression of renal VEGF synthesis independently of glomerular basement membrane ionic permselectivity in type 2 diabetic rats.