Analysis of osteochondro-induction using growth and differentiation factor-5 in rat muscle

Growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) belongs to the TGF-β super family, and reportedly plays an important role in cartilage development and differentiation. In this study, we implanted GDF-5 in rat leg muscle, and evaluated its in vivo osteochondro-inducing activity by histological and X-ray examinations. GDF-5 (0, 100, 300, and 500 μg) and the carrier type I collagen were mixed, and the mixture was implanted into rat leg muscle. Three weeks later, the site of implantation was examined by soft X-ray, and examined histologically. The GDF-5 0 and 100 μg groups showed no osteochondro-induction. The GDF-5 300 μg group showed aggregates of cartilage and some bone tissue in the carrier. The GDF-5 500 μg group revealed bone and no cartilage. This is the first report of the dose-dependent effect of GDF-5 inducing osteochondrogenesis or osteogenesis.