Effect of cadmium on cortisol production and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 expression by cultured human choriocarcinoma cells (JEG-3)

Cadmium is a toxicant with known carcinogenic and endocrine disruptor effects. We have previously reported that prenatal exposure to cadmium may induce low birth weight which is associated to increased foetal exposure to glucocorticoids; both signals constitute “hallmarks” of developmental programming. Since the effect of cadmium on the glucocorticoid system of placental carcinogenic cells is unknown, in the present work, we studied the effect of acute low dose of cadmium on cortisol production and 11β-HSD2 expression and activity by cultured human choriocarcinoma cells (JEG-3). In addition, it was also evaluated whether those effects were related to the methylation index of the HSD11B2 gene, which can be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Cells were incubated with low cadmium dose (0.5 and 1 μM) for 24 h and viability (MTT), cortisol production (EIA), 11β-HSD2 expression (qRT-PCR) and activity (radioassay), and methylation index of the HSD11B2 gene were determined.Results show lower cortisol concentrations in the incubation media of exposed cells, which were associated to increased 11β-HSD2 expression and activity and to a lower methylation index of the gene. These results suggest that cadmium-induced endocrine disruptor effects on JEG-3 cells could be mediated by changes in the methylation status of some target genes.