Reduced scale models based on similitude theory: A review up to 2015

• Testing of subscale models is still nowadays a viable and valuable design tool.
• The developments in the methodologies used to create scaled models are reviewed.
• Engineers and scientists are now provided with a useful set of relevant references.
• Uncovered topics requiring additional research are highlighted.
• The development of a generalized methodology is proposed to derive scaling laws.

Similitude theory is a branch of engineering science concerned with establishing the necessary and sufficient conditions of similarity among phenomena, and has been applied to different fields such as structural engineering, vibration and impact problems. Testing of sub-scale models is still nowadays a valuable design tool, helping engineers to accurately predict the behavior of oversized prototypes through scaling laws applied to the obtained experimental results.In this manuscript it has been reviewed the developments in the methodologies used to create reduced scale models as a design tool, including those based in the use of: dimensional analysis, differential equations and energetic methods. Besides, given their importance, some major areas of research were reviewed apart: impacted structures, rapid prototyping of scale models and size effects. At last, some topics on which additional efforts can be undertaken are highlighted.

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