Nonlinear quasi-static analysis of hybrid sliding–rocking bridge columns subjected to lateral loading

• A nonlinear 3-D finite element model for hybrid sliding–rocking (HSR) segmental columns is developed.
• The model captures joint sliding and rocking, and interactions of unbonded tendons and column segments.
• The model is validated against experimental data and is used to conduct a parametric pushover analysis study.
• The effects of critical design and loading parameters on the HSR column response are identified and quantitatively assessed.

In this paper, a nonlinear three-dimensional finite element (FE) model for a hybrid sliding–rocking (HSR) column is developed. The HSR columns are segmental members incorporating internal unbonded post-tensioning, rocking joints at the member ends, and intermediate sliding joints along the member height. The HSR columns introduce new design parameters (e.g., frictional properties at the sliding joints, amplitude of joint sliding, number/distribution of sliding joints along the column height) and additional modeling challenges (e.g., contact interactions between adjacent segments and between segments and the internal unbonded post-tensioning tendons) as compared with conventional monolithic or rocking-only members. In the proposed modeling approach, contact interaction amongst adjacent segments and between segments and unbonded tendons are captured. Concrete segments are modeled using solid elements, mild steel reinforcement is modeled by beam elements embedded into the concrete segments, and the unbonded tendons are modeled using truss elements. The FE model was validated against available experimental data and was then used to conduct a parametric pushover study. Variations of the external vertical load were found to have minor effects on the lateral column response. Increase of the initial post-tensioning force resulted in early onset of inelastic response of the tendons, while the peak lateral column strength remained unchanged. Joint sliding increased the lateral deformation capacity of the column. Propagation of sliding from bottom to top and vice versa had small effects on the lateral response of the column. Propagation of sliding was controlled by the friction properties at the sliding joints.