Experimental and numerical assessment of the effectiveness of FRP-based strengthening configurations for dapped-end RC beams

This paper presents experimental and numerical assessments of the effectiveness of strengthening dapped-end reinforced concrete beams using externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs). The research was prompted by a real application, in which the dapped-ends of several precast/prestressed concrete beams developed diagonal cracks due to errors during assembly. Hence, the dapped-ends were strengthened on-site using CFRP plates to limit further crack opening. In the empirical phase of the study, four similar specimens were tested: one unstrengthened reference specimen, two strengthened with high-strength CFRP plates, and one with high-modulus CFRP sheets. The specimens strengthened with plates had slightly higher load carrying capacity than the reference element, but failed by debonding, while the specimens strengthened with sheets showed no increase of capacity and failed by the fibers rupturing. Nonlinear finite element analysis of the specimens under the test conditions indicated that: (a) debonding is more likely to occur at the inner end of dapped-ends and (b) the capacity could have been increased by up to 20% if the plates had been mechanically anchored.

► The design of large beams’ dapped-ends is not optimized in codes.
► FRP strengthening decreased the stresses in steel reinforcements.
► FRP strengthening increased the element stiffness.
► Results of numerical modeling agree well with the test results.
► EBR FRPs are viable solutions for limiting crack openings.