Epigenetic mechanisms regulating learning and long-term memory

A balance between rapid, short lived, neuronal responses and prolonged ones fulfill the biochemical and cellular requirements for creating a molecular memory. I provide an overview of epigenetic mechanisms in the brain and discuss their impact on synaptic plasticity, cognitive functions, and discuss a recent example of how they can contribute to neurodegeneration and the cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer's disease.

► I discuss epigenetic mechanisms in the brain from the level of the gene to cognitive function.
► A balance exists for short lived and prolonged epigenetic effects in producing a molecular memory.
► Aberrant epigenetic mechanisms contribute to cognitive disorders.