Identification of minimal CD8+ and CD4+ T cell epitopes in the Plasmodium yoelii hepatocyte erythrocyte protein 17Â kDa

Immunization of mice with subunit vaccines based on the Plasmodium yoelii 17 kDa hepatocyte erythrocyte protein (PyHEP17), orthologue of Plasmodium falciparum exported protein 1 (PfExp1), induces antigen-specific immune responses and protects against sporozoite challenge. To aid in the characterization of candidate subunit vaccines based on this antigen, we have mapped the immunodominant and subdominant CD8+ and CD4+ T cell epitopes on PyHEP17. Using a panel of 29 15-mer synthetic peptides representing the complete sequence of PyHEP17 (amino acids 1-153), and overlapping each other by 10 residues, we identified an immunogenic region between amino acids 61-85. To define the minimal CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitopes within this region, we synthesized 25 9-mer peptides overlapping each other by one residue. We screened the capacity of the 15-mer and 9-mer peptides to be recognized by splenocytes and lymph node cells from mice immunized with PyHEP17 plasmid DNA or peptides in Freund's adjuvant, as assessed by cytokine secretion, lymphoproliferation, and cytotoxicity. The profile of response to the T cell epitopes varied depending upon the immunization regimen. Antigen-specific T cell responses were detected to three 15-mer peptides (residues 61-75, 66-80 and 71-85) representing two 10-mer epitopes mapping to residues 66-75 (LTKNKKSLRK) and 71-80 (KSLRKINVAL). IFN-γ responses after DNA immunization predominantly mapped to two overlapping 9-mer peptides (residues 73-81 and 74-82) sharing an eight amino acid overlap (residues 74-81, RKINVALA), whereas CTL responses predominantly mapped to four 9-mer peptides (residues 61-69, 70-78, 76-84, and 84-92). In addition, a subdominant 10-mer CD8+ T cell epitope recognized by peptide immunization but not DNA immunization mapped to residues 31-40 (GKYGSQNVIK). The identification of these epitopes will allow the evaluation of delivery systems for malaria vaccine candidates as well as the delineation of protective immune mechanisms.