The effects of no-tillage with subsoiling on soil properties and maize yield: 12-Year experiment on alkaline soils of Northeast China

• No-tillage with subsoiling and straw cover is associated with a substantial improvement in soil properties, nutrient status and yields.
• The adoption of NTSC on average decreases soil bulk density and pH respectively and significantly enhances water-stability of soil aggregates, and total porosity.
• NTSC treatment increases water infiltration capacity and decreases salt contents.
• Spring maize yields were significantly higher under NTSC than under CTSR.
• Other relevant parameters undergoing important changes included SOM and available P in those plots under examination.

Soil sodicity and salinization are two major issues concerning agricultural production in Northern China and the affected areas are expanding at a rate of 1–1.5 Mha/year. The effects of two treatments, i.e. no-tillage with subsoiling and straw cover (NTSC) and conventional tillage with ploughing and straw removal (CTSR), on soil physical and chemical properties and yields were compared from 1999 to 2011. The results showed that NTSC reduced soil bulk density in the 0–30 cm soil layer, but more importantly the treatment increased total porosity by 20.9%, water stable aggregates and pore size class distribution. The enhance soil structure and improved infiltration in NTSC treatments contributed to reducing soil salinity by 20.3%–73.4% when compared with CTSR. Soil organic matter was significantly greater to 30 cm in NTSC, while total soil nitrogen was lower than CTSR treatments; however, available P was significantly higher in the 0–5 cm soil surface. During the first 3 years, there was no difference in spring maize yield between NTSC and CTSR, but yield significantly increased in NTSC compared with CTSR during the remaining years due to reduced salinity stress and increased soil health. In conclusion, NTSC soil management practices appear to be a more sustainable approach to farming than conventional methods that utilize intensive tillage and crop residue removal.