Encéphalite aiguë due au VIH

Full-blown HIV infection or HIV seroconversion can be revealed by HIV-induced encephalitis. Clinically, the presentation may be either acute encephalitis or progressive cognitive dysfunction leading to AIDS-associated dementia. In both situations the encephalitis is due to a direct HIV infection of the central nervous system occurring either: in a patient without antiretroviral treatment; or during antiretroviral treatment failure; or during good systemic viral control but CNS antiretroviral failure. We describe an acute case of HIV encephalitis revealing AIDS and briefly review the recent data on the topic.