The role of surface characteristics in directing subsurface spatial planning processes: The case study of a high-speed railway in Slovenia

An increased need for subsurface use has been recently noticed. At the same time, problems concerning planning procedures, licensing issues and environmental impact assessments of subsurface projects have been recognised. This paper considers the applicability and usefulness of spatial modelling within the scope of planning, assessing and evaluating subsurface projects. As a case study a high-speed railway in Slovenia (HSR) was examined. Special emphasis was given to the role of surface characteristics in directing subsurface spatial planning processes, since the characteristics of the subsurface are often uncertain and not sufficiently represented in existing data. A new planning method consisting of three consecutive phases was developed. The approach was based on spatial vulnerability, attractiveness and suitability models, supported by GIS. The results of HSR planning showed, that the method is particularly useful if applied in the early planning phases. The results were aimed to support the decision-making process in order to proceed towards optimal spatial solutions for the project.