Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphism, adverse pregnancy outcome and periodontitis in Turkish women

• We examined the association between IL-1 polymorphisms, PLBW and periodontitis.
• We only selected non-smoking individuals in this study.
• IL-1A and IL-1B genotypes were not associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
• IL-1RN allele 2 and periodontal disease significantly increases the risk of PLBW.
• IL-1RN polymorphism and clinical attachment loss, previous PLBW and age are complicating factors for PLBW.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine associations between interleukin (IL)-1A (+4845), IL-1B (+3954), and IL-1 receptor antagonist (RN) variable number tandem repeat polymorphisms and adverse pregnancy outcomes and periodontitis in a Turkish women.DesignA total of 156 patients, including 64 women with normal birth outcome (NB) and 92 women with preterm/low birth weight outcome (PLBW) were included in this case-control study. Within 24 h after labor, maternal demographic characteristics and clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. The distribution and genotype frequencies of IL-1 were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Statistical analyses were carried out for clinical periodontal parameters, genotype frequencies, and to identify explanatory variables for PLBW.ResultsPLBW was associated with maternal age (p < 0.05), irregular prenatal care (p < 0.001), previous PLBW (p < 0.05), and antibiotic use during pregnancy (p < 0.05). Measurements of probing depth and clinical attachment level (CAL) were significantly higher in the PLBW group than in the NB group (p < 0.001). PLBW was associated with IL-1RN allele 2 (p < 0.001). Moreover, stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that CAL (OR 1.39, 95% CI: 1.04–1.85) and IL-1RN polymorphism (OR 7.92, 95% CI: 2.76–22.79), previous PLBW (OR 5.01, 95% CI: 1.08–23.17), age (OR 1.22, 95% CI: 1.04–1.44) were predictors found to increase the risk of PLBW (p < 0.05). There was a negative association between PLBW and regular prenatal care, total number of births, use an antibiotic during pregnancy period (p < 0.05).ConclusionOur study showed that, IL-1RN allele 2, periodontal disease characterized with clinical attachment loss, previous PLBW and age could be an important risk factors for PLBW.