Detection of cytotoxin genotypes of Helicobacter pylori in stomach, saliva and dental plaque

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to detect the presence of Helicobacter pylori and its virulent cagA genes in the oral cavity of individuals with upper gastric diseases. Sixty-two individuals (42 ± 2.3 years) with dispepsy symptoms, referred for gastroscopy and who were H. pylori positive in the gastric biopsy, were recruited and separated in two groups: case group—individuals with gastric disease (n = 30); control group—individuals with no gastric disease (n = 32); saliva, dental plaque and biopsy samples were collected from all individuals. Oral and biopsy samples were analyzed by PCR using specific primers for H. pylori 16S ribosomal and cagA genes. PCR products were sequenced for DNA homology confirmation. H. pylori was detected neither in dental plaque nor in saliva in the control group. In the case group H. pylori DNA was detected in 16/30 (53.3%) saliva samples and in 11/30 (36.6%) dental plaque samples. The cagA gene was detected in 13/30 (43.3%) gastric biopsies, in 7/16 (43.8%) saliva samples, and in 3/11 (27.3%) dental plaque samples. Eighteen (60.0%) individuals in the case group were H. pylori positive both in oral and biopsy samples, and 8 (26.6%) of those were positive for cagA–H. pylori DNA. H. pylori and its virulent clone showed a higher prevalence in the oral cavity of individuals in the case group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that dental plaque and saliva may serve as temporary reservoir for H. pylori and its virulent cagA variant in individuals with gastric disease.