The effect of centrifugal force on the mRNA and protein levels of ATF4 in cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblasts

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the changes of ATF4 expression in cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLF) after mechanical stimuli, and to investigate whether ATF4 is essential for the mechanical stress-induced hPDLF differentiation.MethodsReverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting were used to examine mRNA and protein levels of ATF4 expression in hPDLFs after application of centrifugal force. pMyc-ATF4 transfected cells were subjected to centrifugal force for 30 min, and the changes of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), collagen I (COLI), bone sialoprotein (BSP) genes were measured to assess the differentiation of hPDLFs.ResultsThe mRNA and protein levels of ATF4 increased shortly and then decreased rapidly towards its pre-pressure levels. Overexpression of pMyc-ATF4 exhibited a greater increase in ALP activity and all four osteogenic genes compared to the untransfected cells in response to the centrifugal force.ConclusionOur results indicate that ATF4 is essential in response of hPDLFs to mechanical stress, resulting in increased differentiation of hPDLFs to osteoblast-like cells.