Longitudinal time-dependent response of segmental tunnel linings

The longitudinal forces introduced by tunnel boring machines (TBMs) to the segmental tunnel linings influence their structural response. The analyses of the linings construction process and the ground–structure interaction mechanisms have shown the influence of the lining creep on the progressive loss of the initial longitudinal force. An analytical formulation to predict the remaining compression of the linings as a function of time is proposed, supported by means of a complete numerical model, which considers the effect of creep during the sequential construction process. An experimental program to determine the creep of plastic packers was developed, revealing its significant influence on the global lining creep factor and the evolution of the remaining compressive stresses.

► Detailed study of tunnel-ground longitudinal force transmission mechanisms.
► Progressive loss of the tunnel longitudinal compression caused by lining creep.
► Engineering prediction of linings stress evolution and anchorage lengths at the ends.
► Longitudinal compression losses up to 65% depending on the conditions.
► Significant influence of plastic packers creep on linings stress loss.