Maxillary permanent second premolar with three roots and root canals

Although maxillary first premolar with three root canals has been reported on a few occasions in the literature, three-rooted maxillary second premolars have rarely been observed. Here, we describe a maxillary second premolar with three roots and canals; two buccal and one palatal. Two buccal roots were completely separated in the furcal region and fused at the apical one-third of the root probably by the cementum while the single palatal root was completely separated. When the internal root anatomy was examined, the tooth had three separate root canals leaving from the pulp chamber all the way through to the apex. We discuss the possibility of different root and canal variations of the maxillary second premolar from a developmental point of view.