Frequency and distribution of developmental anomalies in the permanent teeth of a Turkish orthodontic patient population

Background/purposeThe aims of this study were to determine the frequency and distribution of developmental anomalies in the permanent teeth of a Turkish orthodontic patient population and determine the relationships between gender and dental anomalies.Materials and methodsA retrospective study was performed using pretreatment dental casts, panoramic radiographs, and intraoral photographs of 3165 Turkish orthodontic patients (1940 females and 1225 males) aged 9–25 years. These patients were analyzed for evidence of four types of developmental anomalies (tooth form, number, position, and structural dental anomalies). Descriptive characteristics of these dental anomalies, including gender, jaws, and sides of the jaw were recorded. The Pearson χ2 test was used for the statistical analysis.ResultsIn 452 (14.3%) of 3165 orthodontic patients, at least one permanent teeth anomaly was detected. Developmental dental anomalies were found in 15.05% of females compared with 13.06% of males. Impacted teeth were the most frequent dental anomaly (4.55%), followed by hypodontia (4.30%), peg-shaped lateral incisors (2.15%), ectopic eruption (1.52%), and hyperdontia (1.30%). Peg-shaped lateral incisors, hypodontia, oligodontia, transposition, transmigrant canines, ectopic eruption of canines, impacted teeth, and amelogenesis imperfecta were more common in females, whereas macrodontia and hyperdontia were more common in males. However, these differences were not statistically significant except for hypodontia and hyperdontia.ConclusionThe prevalence of developmental dental anomalies was higher in females than males. Impacted teeth were the most common developmental dental anomaly in this Turkish orthodontic population, followed by hypodontia.