Efficacy of 3D conforming nickel titanium rotary instruments in eliminating canal wall bacteria from oval-shaped root canals

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of TRUShape® 3D Conforming Files, compared with Twisted Files, in reducing bacteria load from root canal walls, in the presence or absence of irrigant agitation.MethodsExtracted human premolars with single oval-shaped canals were infected with Enterococcus faecalis. Teeth in Group I (N = 10; NaOCl and QMix® 2in1 as respective initial and final irrigants) were subdivided into 4 subgroups: (A) TRUShape® instrumentation without irrigant activation; (B) TRUShape® instrumentation with sonic irrigant agitation; (C) Twisted Files without irrigant agitation; (D) Twisted Files with sonic irrigant agitation. To remove confounding factor (antimicrobial irrigants), teeth in Group II (N = 10) were irrigated with sterile saline, using the same subgroup designations. Specimens before and after chemomechanical débridement were cultured for quantification of colony-forming units (CFUs). Data from each group were analyzed separately using two-factor ANOVA and Holm-Sidak multiple comparison (α = 0.05). Canal wall bacteria were qualitatively examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy of Taylor-modified Brown and Brenn-stained demineralised sections.ResultsCFUs from subgroups in Group I were not significantly different (P = 0.935). For Group II, both file type (P < 0.001) and irrigant agitation (P < 0.001) significantly affected log-reduction in CFU concentrations. The interaction of these two factors was not significant (P = 0.601). Although SEM showed reduced canal wall bacteria, bacteria were present within dentinal tubules after rotary instrumentation, as revealed by light microscopy of longitudinal root sections.ConclusionsTRUShape® files removed significantly more canal wall bacteria than Twisted Files when used without an antibacterial irrigant; the latter is required to decontaminate dentinal tubules.Clinical significanceRoot canal disinfection should not be focused only on a mechanistic approach. Rather, the rational choice of a rotary instrumentation system should be combined with the use of well-tested antimicrobial irrigants and delivery/agitation techniques to establish a clinically realistic chemomechanical débridement protocol.