Osteonecrosis and Bisphosphonates in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Bisphosphonates are a class of compounds approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma, hypercalcemia of malignancy, osteolytic lesions of metastatic disease, Paget's disease, and most commonly, osteoporosis. Recently, these drugs have been associated with a new clinical entity, bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis (BRON) which is characterized by jaw necrosis that typically presents following dentoalveolar surgery. The pathogenesis for this complication appears to related to bisphosphonate mediated inhibition of osteoclast function and normal bone remodeling. This complication can have a significant impact on the quality of life for those patients with advanced stages of necrosis.