Effect of bovine lactoferrin on enamel demineralization and acid fermentation by Streptococcus mutans

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of bovine lactoferrin on acid fermentation and enamel demineralization using Streptococcus mutans in a culture system and an artificial mouth model system. The antibacterial activity of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) against S. mutans was analyzed by a radial diffusion assay. In the culture system, the effect of bLF on the synthesis and adherence of water insoluble glucan (WIG) and the adherence of S. mutans to a glass surface was examined by a batch culture. In the artificial mouth model system, cell suspension of S. mutans, heart infusion broth supplemented with sucrose, and PBS or lactoferrin solution were supplied separately and constantly for 21 hours. The following parameters were determined for evaluation: the amount of artificial biofilm, the changes in pH underneath the biofilm; and the changes in enamel microhardness measured by a Vicker's hardness tester. The antibacterial activity of bLF against S. mutans was observed. The amounts of bacterial cells in the total adherent fractions were inhibited by bLF in a dose dependent manner. The amounts of WIG in a firm-adherent fraction were significantly inhibited by 0.1–1.0% bLF. The changes in microhardness on enamel slabs in the bLF group (2.4 ± 0.8) showed significantly less hardness reduction than those in the control group (22.3 ± 2.5) (P < 0.001). The artificial biofilm accumulation was not reduced by bLF. The results of this study suggest that bLF might have inhibitory effects against acid fermentation and demineralization of enamel by S. mutans.