Orthodontic research: If we know the answers, are we asking the right questions?

In this paper, I use the results of recently completed systematic reviews and randomized trials to introduce the concept that the results of orthodontic research are confined to values and “differences,” which are only relevant to orthodontists and not our patients. As a result, a substantial amount of research findings may not be relevant to our patients. I will then suggest a way forwards so that relevant outcomes may be generated as part of a Core Outcome Set.