Protocols for Late Maxillary Protraction in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients at Childrens Hospital, Los Angeles

This paper describes the protocols used at Childrens Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA) to protract the maxilla during early adolescence. It is a modification of techniques introduced by Eric Liou with his Alternate Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Constriction technique. The main differences between the CHLA protocol and previous maxillary protraction protocols are the age at which the protraction is attempted, the sutural loosening by alternating weekly expansion with constriction, and the use of Class III elastics to support and redirect the protraction by nightly facemask wear. The CHLA protocol entirely depends on patient compliance and must be carefully taught and monitored. In a cooperative patient, the technique can correct a Class III malocclusion that previously would have been treated with LeFort 1 maxillary advancement surgery. Thus, it is not appropriate for patients requiring 2 jaw surgeries to correct mandibular prognathism, occlusal cants, or facial asymmetry. The maxillary protraction appears to work by a combination of skeletal advancement, dental compensation, and rotation of the occlusal planes. Microscrew/microimplant/temporary anchorage devices have been used with these maxillary protraction protocols to assist in expanding the maxilla, increasing skeletal anchorage during protraction, limiting dental compensations, and reducing skeletal relapse.