Bite Force and Occlusion

Maximum bite force is a useful indicator of the functional state of the masticatory system and the loading of the teeth, and its recordings can be performed in a relatively simple way in the clinic. However, because maximum bite-force levels vary with method, sex and age, it is important that the measurements are compared against the appropriate reference values. The level of bite force is a result of the combined action of the jaw elevator muscles modified by jaw biomechanics and reflex mechanisms. Pain limits the maximum bite force and may thus impede the measurements, but this factor may also be useful in treatment control. The maximum bite force increases with the number of teeth present. The number of occlusal tooth contacts is an important determinant for the maximally attainable bite force, explaining about 10% to 20% of the variation. The association between maximum bite force and the amount of occlusal contact is closest in the posterior region, and as a consequence, loss of molar support results in reduction of force. In contrast, malocclusions defined solely on the basis of molar and canine relationships have less influence on the level of bite force.