The role of naïve T-cells in HIV-1 pathogenesis: An emerging key player

Functional naïve T-cells are critical for an effective immune response to multiple pathogens. HIV leads to a significant reduction in CD4+ naïve T-cell number and impaired function and there is incomplete recovery following combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Here we review the basic homeostatic mechanisms that maintain naïve CD4+ T-cells and discuss recent developments in understanding the impact of HIV infection on naïve CD4+ T-cells. Finally we review therapeutic interventions in HIV-infected individuals aimed at specifically enhancing recovery of naïve CD4+ T-cells.

► We review basic homeostatic mechanisms that maintain naïve CD4+ T-cells.
► Discuss recent developments in understanding how HIV infects naïve CD4+ T-cells.
► The impact of HIV infection on naïve CD4+ T-cell homeostasis.
► Perturbed homeostasis results in implications for successful immune reconstitution.
► Summarize novel therapeutic interventions that enhance naïve CD4+ T-cells recovery.