Loricrin and involucrin expression is down-regulated by Th2 cytokines through STAT-6

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by a defective skin barrier which allows increased allergen and pathogen penetration. Loricrin (LOR) and involucrin (IVL) are proteins important for skin barrier formation and integrity. In this study, we demonstrate that the gene and protein expression of LOR and IVL is significantly decreased in involved (LOR: p < 0.001; IVL: p < 0.001) and uninvolved (LOR: p < 0.001; IVL: p < 0.001) skin of AD subjects, as compared to skin from healthy subjects. Using primary keratinocytes, we further demonstrate the down-regulatory effect of IL-4 and IL-13 – which are over-expressed in the skin of AD patients – on LOR and IVL expression in keratinocytes. Additionally, skin biopsies from signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-6 transgenic mice were deficient in the expression and production of LOR and IVL. This study suggests that Th2 cytokines inhibit expression of LOR and IVL through a STAT-6 dependent mechanism.